Femtosecond laser microfabrication

Femtosecond micromachining of waveguides in a Faraday material, at Photonics West 2006 (San Jose, CA), Tuesday, January 24, 2006
The use of femtosecond lasers for micromachining purposes has grown significantly over the past decade. Femtosecond micromachining of photonic devices has been demonstrated using only a few nanojoules of energy from a laser oscillator. This oscillator-only technique has recently become increasingly valuable as a micromachining tool.

Faraday isolators have not yet been realized using this ultrafast micromachining technique. A Faraday isolator is an important device because it functions as an optical diode, allowing signals to propagate only in one direction. It is particularly useful in...

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Applications of femtosecond lasers in materials processing, at Cursus sur les sciences des materiaux et surfaces actives, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie (Paris, France), Tuesday, February 9, 2010:
Chemical bonding, phase transitions, and surface processes occur on timescales comparable to the natural oscillation periods of atoms and molecules, in the range of femtoseconds (1 fs =10–15 s) to picoseconds (1 ps = 10–12 s). Advances in the generation of ultrashort laser pulses in the past two decades have made it possible to directly observe these fundamental processes. These advances have taken us from the picosecond timescale a generation ago, to the femtosecond timescale in the past decade, and recently into the attosecond (1 as = 10–18 s) regime. Materials science, interdisciplinary by... Read more about Applications of femtosecond lasers in materials processing
3-D Optical data storage in transparent materials, at International Symposium on Optical Memory and Optical Data Storage (Maui, HI), Sunday, June 1, 1997
We present a novel method for 3-D optical data storage and internal engraving that has submicron-size resolution, provides a large contrast in index of refraction, and is applicable to a wide range of transparent materials.
Femtosecond laser micromachining, at French-Israeli Symposium on Non-linear and Quantum Optics (Ein Bokek, Israel), Wednesday, February 23, 2005:
When femtosecond laser pulses are focused tightly into a transparent material, the intensity in the focal volume can become high enough to cause nonlinear absorption of laser energy. The absorption, in turn, can lead to permanent structural or chemical changes. Such changes can be used for micromachining bulk transparent materials. Applications include data storage and the writing of waveguides and waveguide splitters in bulk glass, fabrication of micromechanical devices in polymers, and subcellular photodisruption inside single cells.
Femtosecond laser micromachining, at MIT Center for Integrated Photonic Systems Annual Meeting, MIT (Cambridge, MA, USA), Thursday, May 3, 2007:
When femtosecond laser pulses are focused tightly into a transparent material, the intensity in the focal volume can become high enough to cause nonlinear absorption of laser energy. The absorption, in turn, can lead to permanent structural or chemical changes. Such changes can be used for micromachining bulk transparent materials. Applications include data storage and the writing of waveguides and waveguide splitters in bulk glass, fabrication of micromechanical devices in polymers, and subcellular photodisruption inside single cells.
Direct Laser Writing of 3D Gratings and Diffraction Optics, at CLEO: Science and Innovations Laser-Induced Structuring in Bulk Material (SW1K) (San Jose, CA), Wednesday, May 13, 2015:
We fabricate 3D gratings and diffraction optics using direct laser writing. Diffraction patterns of gratings agree with Laue theory. We demonstrate zone plates for visible wavelengths. Direct laser writing is promising for integrated diffraction optics.

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